Nanomaterials, defined as materials engineered at the nanoscale (approximately 1 to 100 nanometers), have revolutionized science, engineering, and technology. At these incredibly small dimensions, materials exhibit unique and enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties compared to their larger-scale counterparts.
Due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, nanomaterials demonstrate superior reactivity, strength, electrical conductivity, and optical characteristics, making them invaluable in various industries. They play critical roles in electronics, healthcare, energy, environmental sustainability, and advanced manufacturing.